https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Kitzkitz wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-23T13:41:28ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.29.0https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=897Main Page2025-05-05T21:38:41Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
This version: '''Stablepoint May 2025.'''<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is 05 May 2025. SS</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[:Category:Technical|Technical Facts and tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
June 2024<br />
*[[:Special:Categories|Categories]]<br />
*[[:Special:AllPages|AllPages]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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----<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
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==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=896Main Page2025-05-05T21:32:59Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
This version: '''Stablepoint May 2025.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is 29 June 2024. SS</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[:Category:Technical|Technical Facts and tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
June 2024<br />
*[[:Special:Categories|Categories]]<br />
*[[:Special:AllPages|AllPages]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=895Main Page2024-06-28T23:25:31Z<p>Kitz: /* Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is 29 June 2024. SS</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[:Category:Technical|Technical Facts and tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
June 2024<br />
*[[:Special:Categories|Categories]]<br />
*[[:Special:AllPages|AllPages]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
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==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
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[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=894Main Page2024-06-24T18:11:23Z<p>Kitz: /* List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[:Category:Technical|Technical Facts and tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
June 2024<br />
*[[:Special:Categories|Categories]]<br />
*[[:Special:AllPages|AllPages]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
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* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
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[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=893Main Page2024-06-24T17:47:43Z<p>Kitz: /* List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[:Category:Technical|Technical Facts and tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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----<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
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[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=892Main Page2024-06-19T15:09:33Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
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[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 16:09, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Access_restriction&diff=891Access restriction2024-06-19T14:43:57Z<p>Kitz: /* Restricting access to a Netgear DGN2200 modem/router */</p>
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<div><br />
<br />
== Restricting access on a Netgear DGN2200 modem/router ==<br />
<br />
<br />
This article describes how to set up a Netgear modem/router to restrict access to an XBox 360 by time schedule. It refers specifically to the Netgear DGN2200, but should be applicable to some other modem/routers in the Netgear range.<br />
<br />
Log in to your router using 192.168.0.1 and enter your username and password.<br />
<br />
The port information you'll need is as follows:<br><br />
<br />
TCP/UDP 3074<br><br />
TCP/UDP 53<br><br />
UDP 88<br><br />
TCP80<br><br />
<br />
And you'll have 4 services and each will require its own unique name.<br />
<br />
I have simply called my 4 ports XboxLive, XboxLive1, XboxLive2 & XboxLive3.<br />
<br />
Once you have access to the router you will need to goto the heading 'Content filtering' located on the left hand side of the screen in the blue column and click on 'Services':<br><br><br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
In the services window click on 'Add':<br />
<br />
[[File:services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Then type in the port information one at a time and click on 'Apply'.<br />
In this example I have entered the first of the four ports (XboxLive) as detailed above (port 3074):<br />
<br />
[[File:add-services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
After pressing 'Apply' you will be returned to the Services screen. Simply click on 'Add' again and add in the details for the second port (53). Continue until you have individually added all four ports and the Services screen should then look like this:<br />
<br />
[[File:services1.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Next click on Firewall rules again in the blue column under 'Content filtering':<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Then click on Add on Inbound Services:<br />
<br />
[[File:firewall-rules.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
In here you need to use the drop down menu at the top to select the first service you created (in the example its called XboxLive).<br />
Then select the next option whichever you prefer. I use Allow by schedule and otherwise Block.<br />
Enter the IP address of the device you wish to block access to (in this example 192.168.0.100)<br />
Then click on 'Apply':<br />
<br />
[[File:inbound-services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
You will then be returned to the Firewall Rules screen where you then need to simply add in the other 3 services we created (XboxLive1, XboxLive2 & XboxLive3).<br />
Once done your screen should look like this:<br />
<br />
[[File:firewall-rules1.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Finally, once again go to the 'Content Filtering' in the blue column and this time click on 'Schedule':<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Once the schedule window is open you just need to select which days you want blocking to occur on and enter the time period in which blocking takes place and click on 'Apply'.<br />
In this example I have selected Monday to Friday, Access allowed between 8am and 9pm:<br />
<br />
[[File:schedule.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
That's it!<br />
<br />
<br />
--Information supplied by TableLeg<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Router&diff=890Router2024-06-19T14:36:29Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>__TOC__<br />
<br />
=='''DSL Modems and Routers'''==<br />
<br />
The equipment which connects to and forwards data from the Internet on to your home network.<br />
<br />
Modems convert digital signals from your PC/Network into analogue signals that can be transmitted over telephone cable in the local loop, and vice versa. In order to serve more than one computer, a modem needs to be connected to a router.<br />
<br />
xDSL routers contain a modem combined with a router (and usually a network switch) in one piece of equipment. <br />
<br />
=='''Modem/Router Guides and Reviews'''==<br />
<br />
Listed below is a selection of modem/router specific reviews, guides or tutorials held on the Kitz wiki:<br />
<br />
* [[Billion_7800N|Billion BiPac 7800N]]<br />
* [[D_Link_DSL-2740B|D Link DSL-2740B]]<br />
* [[Huawei HG612|Huawei HG612 Home Gateway]]<br />
* [[Netgear_DG834GT|Netgear DG834GT]]<br />
* [[TPLink_Archer_VR900|TP-Link Archer VR900]]<br />
* [[TPLink_TD-W9980|TP-Link TD-W9980]]<br />
* [[Telnet|How to use a Modem/Router's Telnet Interface]]<br />
* [[BCM routers|Routers which have Broadcom DSL chipsets]]<br />
* [[Access restriction|Setting up Xbox 360 access restriction by time schedule for Netgear modem/router]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The main site at kitz.co.uk also holds several tutorials on the following modem/routers:<br />
<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700.htm 2wire 2700HG* Overview]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700_HGV.htm 2wire 2700HGV Review]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700_HGB.htm How to reset the 2Wire 2700HG* router]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/voyager205.htm BT Voyager 205]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/voyager_2100_cli.htm BT Voyager 2100/2110/2091]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/belkin_commands.htm Belkin Router Hidden commands]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/DSL-G624T.htm DLink DSL G624T Tracert]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/SmartAX.htm Huawei SmartAX MT882]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/netgeardg834_interleaving.htm Netgear DG834/DG834G]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/dg834GT_targetsnr.htm Netgear DG834/DG834GT v4]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/isp/sky_connection.htm Sky Routers]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/sar.htm Solwise SAR 110 130]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/speedtouch585.htm Speedtouch CLI commands]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 15:36, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
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[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Modem_Routers&diff=889Category:Modem Routers2024-06-19T14:24:48Z<p>Kitz: </p>
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<div>Reviews and Technical data for various VDSL Modem Routers.<br />
<br />
Page auto generated.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:TopLevel&diff=888Category:TopLevel2024-06-19T14:06:18Z<p>Kitz: Created page with "This page forms the Top Level directory tree for pages in the Kitz Wiki. It is the root navigation that all pages will eventually lead back to. The Top Level category consis..."</p>
<hr />
<div>This page forms the Top Level directory tree for pages in the Kitz Wiki. It is the root navigation that all pages will eventually lead back to.<br />
<br />
The Top Level category consists of the front [[Main_Page]] and 2 directories.<br />
* '''Content''' - working directory for live content.<br />
* '''KitzWiki''' - various info pages about the wiki.<br />
<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 15:06, 19 June 2024 (BST)</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Technical&diff=887Category:Technical2024-06-19T13:58:26Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Directory of Technical Facts and Tutorials<br />
<br />
Listed below are some pages of technical facts and tutorials:<br />
<br />
<br />
* [[Attenuation in DSL connections|The meaning of attenuation, and how it's calculated]]<br />
* [[Decibels|Decibels in the context of ADSL]] - An explanation of the decibel and how it's used with ADSL systems.<br />
* [[Glossary|A glossary of technical terms and abbreviations]]<br />
* [[DSL_Versions_and_ITU_Standards|ITU & DSL Versions]] - DSL Versions and ITU Standards<br />
* [[PING|The PING utility]] - A guide to using the PING utility<br />
* [[Telnet|How to use a router's telnet interface]] - A guide to accessing and using a router's command line interface.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 09:35, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Technical&diff=886Category:Technical2024-06-19T08:35:12Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Directory of Technical Facts and Tutorials<br />
<br />
Listed below are some pages of technical facts and tutorials:<br />
<br />
* [[Decibels|Decibels in the context of ADSL]] - An explanation of the decibel and how it's used with ADSL systems.<br />
* [[Attenuation in DSL connections|The meaning of attenuation, and how it's calculated]]<br />
* [[Telnet|How to use a router's telnet interface]] - A guide to accessing and using a router's command line interface.<br />
* [[PING|The PING utility]] - A guide to using the PING utility<br />
* [[Glossary|A glossary of technical terms and abbreviations]]<br />
* [[DSL_Versions_and_ITU_Standards|DSL Versions]] - DSL Versions and ITU Standards<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[User:Kitz|Kitz]] ([[User talk:Kitz|talk]]) 09:35, 19 June 2024 (BST)<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:KitzWiki&diff=885Category:KitzWiki2024-06-17T16:41:32Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page forms a directory tree for pages specifically relating to the Kitz Wiki.<br />
For navigation purposes they are organised into the category ''Kitz Wiki''<br />
<br />
The Front Page for the Kitz Wiki can be found at the [[Main_Page]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=884Main Page2024-06-17T16:39:26Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content&diff=883Category:Content2024-06-17T16:35:04Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page exists to create navigation aid for the main content categories (sections) in this wiki<br />
[[Category:TopLevel]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Access_restriction&diff=882Access restriction2024-06-17T13:28:27Z<p>Kitz: /* Restricting access to a modem/router */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Restricting access to a Netgear DGN2200 modem/router ==<br />
<br />
<br />
This article describes how to set up a Netgear modem/router to restrict access to an XBox 360 by time schedule. It refers specifically to the Netgear DGN2200, but should be applicable to some other modem/routers in the Netgear range.<br />
<br />
Log in to your router using 192.168.0.1 and enter your username and password.<br />
<br />
The port information you'll need is as follows:<br><br />
<br />
TCP/UDP 3074<br><br />
TCP/UDP 53<br><br />
UDP 88<br><br />
TCP80<br><br />
<br />
And you'll have 4 services and each will require its own unique name.<br />
<br />
I have simply called my 4 ports XboxLive, XboxLive1, XboxLive2 & XboxLive3.<br />
<br />
Once you have access to the router you will need to goto the heading 'Content filtering' located on the left hand side of the screen in the blue column and click on 'Services':<br><br><br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
In the services window click on 'Add':<br />
<br />
[[File:services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Then type in the port information one at a time and click on 'Apply'.<br />
In this example I have entered the first of the four ports (XboxLive) as detailed above (port 3074):<br />
<br />
[[File:add-services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
After pressing 'Apply' you will be returned to the Services screen. Simply click on 'Add' again and add in the details for the second port (53). Continue until you have individually added all four ports and the Services screen should then look like this:<br />
<br />
[[File:services1.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Next click on Firewall rules again in the blue column under 'Content filtering':<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Then click on Add on Inbound Services:<br />
<br />
[[File:firewall-rules.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
In here you need to use the drop down menu at the top to select the first service you created (in the example its called XboxLive).<br />
Then select the next option whichever you prefer. I use Allow by schedule and otherwise Block.<br />
Enter the IP address of the device you wish to block access to (in this example 192.168.0.100)<br />
Then click on 'Apply':<br />
<br />
[[File:inbound-services.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
You will then be returned to the Firewall Rules screen where you then need to simply add in the other 3 services we created (XboxLive1, XboxLive2 & XboxLive3).<br />
Once done your screen should look like this:<br />
<br />
[[File:firewall-rules1.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Finally, once again go to the 'Content Filtering' in the blue column and this time click on 'Schedule':<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:content-filtering.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
Once the schedule window is open you just need to select which days you want blocking to occur on and enter the time period in which blocking takes place and click on 'Apply'.<br />
In this example I have selected Monday to Friday, Access allowed between 8am and 9pm:<br />
<br />
[[File:schedule.jpg]]<br><br />
<br />
<br />
That's it!<br />
<br />
<br />
--Information supplied by TableLeg<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=HG612_Telnet_Access&diff=881HG612 Telnet Access2024-06-17T13:15:57Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Huawei HG612]]<br />
<br />
See articles on the main site to unlock this modem in order to access linestats.<br />
<br />
*[https://kitz.co.uk/routers/hg612unlock.htm Huawei HG512 FTTC Modem]<br />
*[https://kitz.co.uk/routers/hg612hacking.htm Unlocking the HG612]<br />
*[https://kitz.co.uk/routers/hg612stats.htm HG612 modem stats]<br />
*[https://kitz.co.uk/routers/hg612stats_setup.htm Set up HG612 modem stats]<br />
*[https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Telnet Using Telnet]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=880Main Page2024-06-17T11:57:14Z<p>Kitz: /* Kitz Wiki Content */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
A list of the content categories held in the Wiki can be found here: [https://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content Wiki Categories].<br />
<br />
This Top Level category listing can be used as a navigational directory tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Kitz Wiki Content Team ==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [https://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Telephony&diff=879Category:Telephony2024-06-17T10:42:42Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Links to pages with information about Telephone Equipment.<br />
This page serves as a navigational link to articles about Telephone Equipment and wiring<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Telephony&diff=878Category:Telephony2024-06-17T10:37:29Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Links to pages with information about Telephone Equipment.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Technical&diff=877Category:Technical2024-06-17T10:35:05Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Directory of Technical Facts and Tutorials<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Broadcom_CLI&diff=876Broadcom CLI2024-06-17T10:22:10Z<p>Kitz: /* Note regarding the 'adsl' command */</p>
<hr />
<div>__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Routers using Broadcom chipsets ==<br />
<br />
Broadcom chipsets are widely used in DSL routers, and most incorporate a very similar CLI command set, accessed through its telnet interface. It should be noted though that a number of ISP customised versions of these routers have the telnet interface disabled. See [[BCM_routers|Broadcom-based modem routers]] for a list of models.<br />
<br />
== CLI commands for Broadcom-based routers ==<br />
<br />
All Broadcom-based DSL routers have very similar CLI command sets. Listed below are a few of the more frequently used commands. In most cases, the CLI can be accessed via the [[Telnet|telnet interface.]]<br />
<br />
=== Note regarding the 'adsl' command ===<br />
<br />
This is the command which is commonly used to obtain information from the router, and to set its connection parameters. A number of routers use a different form of the command:<br />
<br />
'''ADSL routers'''<br /><br />
adsl<br /><br />
adslcfg<br /><br />
adslcmd<br /><br />
adslctl<br /><br />
'''VDSL2 routers<br />'''<br />
xdslcfg<br /><br />
xdslcmd<br /><br />
xdslctl<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
In this article we will use 'adsl', but depending on your router you may need to use one of these alternative forms.<br />
<br />
=== help command ===<br />
<br />
* '''help''' - gives a list of the available commands<br />
* '''one of those commands with no parameters''' - gives a synopsis of the usage of that command<br />
<br />
=== adsl command ===<br />
<br />
* '''adsl info --show''' - displays a brief set of router stats<br />
* '''adsl info --stats''' - displays a full set of router stats including error rates over various periods<br />
* '''adsl info --SNR''' - displays the current SNR for each ADSL tone<br />
* '''adsl info --Bits''' - displays the bitloading for each ADSL tone<br />
* '''adsl configure --snr N''' - sets the target signal to noise ratio margin to a new value and triggers a re-sync. The value of N determines by how much the target SNRM changes from the default value set at the DSLAM (or MSAN). The following graph gives some approximate values:<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:Delta-snrm.png]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that a value of N = 0 is not a valid value, and will cause the target SNRM to return to the value set in the exchange. The smallest official value is 1.<br />
<br />
Although this graph shows some negative values of N, it's not possible to enter negative values directly in the command. However it's possible to produce the same result by entering very large positive values. To do this, subtract the negative value from 65536; e.g. to simulate the effect of a value of -50, enter 65536 - 50 = 65486.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Warning'''<br />
<br />
Be careful when making changes to the target SNRM, in particular when reducing it. The smaller the SNRM, the less stable the router is likely to be and if you make it too small the router may not be able to make a connection at all.<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Thanks to burakkucat for his suggestions for improving this section --<br />
<br />
--[[User:Roseway|Roseway]] 08:20, 10 October 2012 (GMT)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Content&diff=875Category:Content2024-06-17T10:13:16Z<p>Kitz: Created page with "This page exists to create navigation aid for the main content categories (sections) in this wiki"</p>
<hr />
<div>This page exists to create navigation aid for the main content categories (sections) in this wiki</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=871Main Page2024-06-13T16:26:31Z<p>Kitz: /* Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST Jun 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is June 2024. MISP</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [http://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=870Main Page2024-05-30T01:34:04Z<p>Kitz: /* Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST May 2024.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">This is May 2024</span><br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [http://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=User:Kitz&diff=869User:Kitz2024-05-30T01:16:24Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Not quite sure what to put in here... but... anyway... <br />
<br />
Hello and I'm the owner of [http://www.kitz.co.uk kitz.co.uk]<br />
<br />
'''TEST Version May 2024'''</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=868Main Page2024-05-30T01:14:45Z<p>Kitz: /* Kitz Wiki */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
This version: '''TEST May 2024.'''<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [http://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Software&diff=867Category:Software2024-05-18T14:02:38Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>For the main article on Free Software and useful applications see page [[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Router_Tools&diff=866Category:Router Tools2024-05-18T13:58:42Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>A list of useful tools for use with DSL Modem Routers which can help to obtain more information about the condition of your line.<br />
<br />
If you have a BCM based modem, then IMHO, DSLstats is by far the superior tool when it comes to recording line conditions. For more information see [https://kitz.co.uk/routers/dslstats.htm DSLstats] on the main site.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Modem_Routers&diff=865Category:Modem Routers2024-05-18T13:57:36Z<p>Kitz: </p>
<hr />
<div>Reviews and Technical data for various VDSL Modem Routers.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Pfsense_Patches&diff=864Category:Pfsense Patches2024-05-18T13:51:11Z<p>Kitz: Created a content category for the file structure and navigation.</p>
<hr />
<div>Custom System Patches for Pfsense have been contributed by members of the kitz community.<br />
<br />
The main article relating to the patches for PFsense can be found at the page: [[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
<br />
The following page lists the patches that have been written by our member [[User:Chrysalis|Chrysalis]]. [[Click here for pfSense 2.6.0 patches]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Router_Tools&diff=863Category:Router Tools2024-05-18T13:08:26Z<p>Kitz: Created page with "A list of useful tools for use with DSL Modem Routers which can help to obtain more information about the condition of your line. If you have a BCM based modem, then IMHO, DS..."</p>
<hr />
<div>A list of useful tools for use with DSL Modem Routers which can help to obtain more information about the condition of your line.<br />
<br />
If you have a BCM based modem, then IMHO, DSLstats is by far the superior tool when it comes to recording line conditions. For more information see [https://kitz.co.uk/routers/dslstats.htm DSLstats] on the main site.</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Archer_VR900&diff=862Category:Archer VR9002024-05-18T12:04:53Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>Main Introduction page to the [[TPLink_Archer_VR900|TPLink Archer VR900]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:TD-W9980&diff=861Category:TD-W99802024-05-18T11:54:09Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>Main article for the [[TPLink_TD-W9980|TP-Link TD-W9980]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Router&diff=860Router2024-05-18T11:46:09Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>__TOC__<br />
<br />
=='''Modems and Routers'''==<br />
<br />
The equipment which connects to and forwards data from the Internet on to your home network.<br />
<br />
Modems convert digital signals from your PC/Network into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone cable in the local loop, and vice versa. In order to serve more than one computer, a modem needs to be connected to a router.<br />
<br />
ADSL routers contain a modem combined with a router (and usually a network switch) in one piece of equipment. <br />
<br />
=='''Modem/Router Guides and Reviews'''==<br />
<br />
Listed below is a selection of modem/router specific reviews, guides or tutorials held on the Kitz wiki:<br />
<br />
* [[Billion_7800N|Billion BiPac 7800N]]<br />
* [[D_Link_DSL-2740B|D Link DSL-2740B]]<br />
* [[Huawei HG612|Huawei HG612 Home Gateway]]<br />
* [[Netgear_DG834GT|Netgear DG834GT]]<br />
* [[TPLink_Archer_VR900|TP-Link Archer VR900]]<br />
* [[TPLink_TD-W9980|TP-Link TD-W9980]]<br />
* [[Telnet|How to use a Modem/Router's Telnet Interface]]<br />
* [[BCM routers|Routers which have Broadcom DSL chipsets]]<br />
* [[Access restriction|Setting up Xbox 360 access restriction by time schedule for Netgear modem/router]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The main site at kitz.co.uk also holds several tutorials on the following modem/routers:<br />
<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700.htm 2wire 2700HG* Overview]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700_HGV.htm 2wire 2700HGV Review]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/2wire_2700_HGB.htm How to reset the 2Wire 2700HG* router]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/voyager205.htm BT Voyager 205]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/voyager_2100_cli.htm BT Voyager 2100/2110/2091]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/belkin_commands.htm Belkin Router Hidden commands]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/DSL-G624T.htm DLink DSL G624T Tracert]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/SmartAX.htm Huawei SmartAX MT882]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/netgeardg834_interleaving.htm Netgear DG834/DG834G]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/dg834GT_targetsnr.htm Netgear DG834/DG834GT v4]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/isp/sky_connection.htm Sky Routers]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/sar.htm Solwise SAR 110 130]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/speedtouch585.htm Speedtouch CLI commands]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Technical&diff=858Category:Technical2024-05-18T11:15:42Z<p>Kitz: Created page with "Directory of Technical Facts and Tutorials"</p>
<hr />
<div>Directory of Technical Facts and Tutorials</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Telnet&diff=857Telnet2024-05-18T11:07:56Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>__TOC__<br />
<br />
== What is telnet? ==<br />
<br />
In most cases, the main user interface to a router is its web interface which is accessed via a browser. In this interface the user can configure the router and obtain information from it. The frequently requested 'router stats' can usually be obtained here.<br />
<br />
Many routers also provide a command-line interface in which commands can be typed to configure the router or to obtain information. Usually this interface will provide more comprehensive capabilities than the web interface, and should be considered an expert tool. Command line interfaces can also be used remotely, which can be very useful for administrators managing systems on behalf of others. There are different types of command-line interface, but the most commonly used one is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet telnet.] This is not a secure protocol, so is not recommended for remote use, but is very convenient for local purposes.<br />
<br />
== How to use telnet ==<br />
<br />
Most operating systems including Windows, Mac OS X and Linux include a telnet program in their normal software setup (or it can be easily installed). To use this, open a command line window and type<br />
<br />
telnet <IP address><br />
<br />
or<br />
<br />
telnet <IP address> <port number><br />
<br />
The default telnet port is 23, but some routers may use a different port, and in these cases the second form of the command must be used.<br />
<br />
The IP address is the same address as you enter in a browser to access the router's web interface; this will be something like 192.168.1.254 - the actual address should be shown in the router's manual, or you may find it on the [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php Kitz router stats page.]<br />
<br />
After entering the telnet command you will normally be asked for login details (user name and password) which are the same as those used when you access the web interface. If this is all entered correctly you will be logged into the router and will be presented with a > or # prompt. You can now type CLI commands into the router.<br />
<br />
When you've finished your telnet session, it's good practice to log out again. The command to do this will probably be ''logout'' or ''exit'' .<br />
<br />
== Telnet with Netgear routers ==<br />
Netgear routers have a telnet interface, but it isn't enabled by default. To enable it, you first have to use the web interface to put the router into debug mode. To do this, point your browser at the hidden page http://192.168.0.1/setup.cgi?todo=debug . The router will respond with a plain page which says 'Debug enable' at the top. After this you can close the browser and telnet into the router as described above.<br />
<br />
== CLI commands ==<br />
<br />
It can often be difficult to find out what commands can be used here, because different routers have different command sets. Most manufacturers are rather secretive about this, and there are few published documents to help.<br />
<br />
There is some information about CLI commands on some routers:<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/speedtouch585.htm Speedtouch 585 and several other Speedtouch routers]<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/voyager_2100_cli.htm Voyager 2100/2110/2091]<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/cli_commands.htm Solwise SAR110/130 and Voyager 205]<br />
* [[Broadcom CLI|Routers which use Broadcom chipsets (BCM 6328/6338/6348/6358/6368)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--[[User:Roseway|Roseway]] 13:57, 27 December 2011 (GMT)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=PING&diff=856PING2024-05-18T11:06:55Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>== The PING utility ==<br />
PING is a utility that allows us to check if a specific IP address is online or accessible and therefore used to help troubleshoot network (or internet) connections.<br />
<br />
It works by sending packet(s) of data to the IP address and checking the response time.<br />
<br />
Although there are various programs that will PING an IP address for you, probably the quickest way for Windows users is to use the "ping" command from the DOS prompt.<br />
(Mac OS X and Linux users should use the Unix commands located [http://www.rt.com/man/ping.8.html here].)<br />
<br />
To do this Start >>> run >>> type "cmd"<br />
Then from the prompt type "ping [IP address]".<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Interpreting the results.'''==<br />
[[File:ping.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Reply from 212.58.228.154 ~ The host IP no that responded<br />
<br />
bytes=32 ~ No of bytes sent in the packet<br />
<br />
time=24ms ~ Time in milliseconds to reach the host<br />
<br />
TTL=249 Time To Live. ~ Indication of hops along the way.*<br />
<br />
Packets sent ~ Total no of packets sent during the test<br />
<br />
Packets received ~ No of packets received by the host<br />
<br />
Packets lost ~ No of packets not received (lost on the way)<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Tips'''==<br />
<br />
The time taken for a packet to reach the host is also called latency. This response is an indication of the round trip to the host, and may involve a series of hops along the way.<br />
Depending upon the location of the remote host, a good time would be less than 100ms (0.1 second).<br />
<br />
If you see a variation in the times this is called latency "jitter", and you may receive poor communication with the host.<br />
<br />
A response of "Request timed out" means there was no response in the default time period of one second. <br />
If the latency of the response is more than one second, try using the -w option on the ping command to increase the time-out.<br />
For e.g. try "ping -w 5000 [IP address]" to allow responses within 5 seconds.<br />
<br />
=='''TTL'''==<br />
<br />
Every ping packet that is sent out has a TTL value which by default is 255.<br />
For every router hop that the packet passes through, the TTL figure gets decreased by one.<br />
So in the example above the TTL of 249 means (255 - 249) 6 hops.<br />
Variations in the TTL show that the packets are traversing different routes which isn't really a good thing :/<br />
<br />
Although the default Unix ICMP echo_request is 255, some remote hosts (servers) may have their TTL response value set to 128 or 64, so you may have to adjust the calculation accordingly.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''PING Commands'''==<br />
<br />
'''syntax'''<br />
''PING [options] destination_host''<br />
<br />
'''Options'''<br />
<br />
-a Resolve address to hostname.<br />
<br />
-f Set "Don't fragment flag" in packet.<br />
<br />
-i TTL Time To Live.<br />
<br />
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.<br />
<br />
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.<br />
<br />
-l size Send buffer size.<br />
<br />
-n count Number of echo requests to send.<br />
<br />
-r count Record route for count hops<br />
<br />
-s count Timestamp for count hops.<br />
<br />
-t Pings the specified host until interrupted.<br />
<br />
-v TOS Type Of Service.<br />
<br />
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Commands'''<br />
<br />
Ctrl + Break To see statistics and continue<br />
Ctrl + C Stop Ping<br />
> c:\filename.txt Send results to a text file<br />
<br />
(Small edit by newtest)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Glossary&diff=855Glossary2024-05-18T11:06:03Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>A collection of technical terms and abbreviations.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Technical terms ==<br />
<br />
* '''Attenuation''' - The amount by which the signal level is reduced over its path from one point to another. In the context of broadband, this means the reduction in signal level over the length of the telephone line.<br />
* '''Backhaul''' - The intermediate link between a subnetwork and the core network of a system. In the context of '''ADSL''', the backhaul is the pipe between the exchange and the '''ATM''' cloud. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/equip2.htm How ADSL works] for more explanation.<br />
* '''bRAS profile''' - A BT term for a download speed limit which is applied to a DSL connection, based on the connection (sync) speed. The bRAS profile includes some overheads, and after these are deducted, what's left is the '''IP profile''' which is the practical speed limit. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/IPprofile.htm IP/bRAS profile].<br />
* '''Downstream''' - Refers to the movement of data towards the user from a remote location.<br />
* '''Ethernet''' - A family of computer networking technologies for wired LANs. The standards include several different types of cable and connector, but the dominant style in the broadband context is the [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/connectors.htm RJ45 connector] with twisted-pair cable (e.g. Cat5e).<br />
* '''Fastpath''' - The normal configuration of an ADSL connection which has not had '''interleaving''' applied. Compared to interleaving, fastpath delivers lower latency but a higher error rate in noisy conditions.<br />
* '''Firewall''' - A software or hardware device which is intended to protect a system against intrusion. A firewall can be a separate piece of equipment positioned between a '''LAN''' and the outside world; it can be included in another device such as a '''router'''; or it can consist of software running on a computer.<br />
* '''Firmware''' - The 'operating system' of a hardware device, stored in read-only memory or in non volatile read/write memory. In the latter case, the firmware can be upgraded to fix bugs or to change the capabilities of the device. With many types of device, the firmware is actually a computer operating system, using an embedded form of Linux.<br />
* '''Homeplug''' - A networking device which makes use of domestic electrical wiring to carry '''ethernet''' signals. Two or more devices plugged into mains sockets provide a link between different parts of the building without the need for extra cabling. 'Homeplug' is a trademark of the [http://www.homeplug.org Homeplug Power Alliance].<br />
* '''Hub''' - A networking device which links together a number of computers and associated devices. Normally incorporates several '''ethernet''' ports. See also '''Switch'''.<br />
* '''Interleaving''' - A technique for improving the quality of a connection which is subject to interference. The data stream is separated into small packets and rearranged together with error correction procedures. This reduces the error rate but increases the latency ('ping') of the connection. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/interleaving.htm Interleaving explained]. See also '''Fastpath'''.<br />
* '''IP profile''' - A BT term for a download speed limit which is applied to a DSL connection, based on the connection (sync) speed. The IP profile is derived from the '''bRAS profile''' with an allowance for overheads. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/IPprofile.htm#IP_and_bRAS_profiles IP/bRAS profile].<br />
* '''Local loop''' - The connection between the telephone exchange and the customer's premises.<br />
* '''MAC address''' - See '''MAC'''(2)<br />
* '''Microfilter''' - Also known as 'ADSL filter', 'DSL filter' or 'Splitter'. A device which plugs into a telephone socket and separates the voice signals from the DSL signals. The voice side has a low-pass filter which blocks frequencies over about 5 kHz, and the '''DSL''' side is unfiltered.<br />
* '''Modem''' - Modulator/demodulator. A device which enables digital data to be carried over an analogue link. Outgoing digital data is modulated onto an analogue signal and transmitted along a telephone line (typically); incoming analogue signals from the telephone line are demodulated in order to reconstruct their digital content. For a link to work in this way, there must be compatible modems, or equivalent functionality, at both ends of the link.<br />
* '''Modem/router''' - A device which combines a '''DSL''' modem and a router in a single package. Most modem/routers also include a network '''switch''' and a '''firewall''', to make them into an all-in-one solution for internet access.<br />
* '''Noise margin''' - The amount by which the '''SNR''' exceeds a specified base level of SNR. In a '''DSL''' connection, the base level of SNR is the level below which a stable connection is not likely to be possible.<br />
* '''Powerline adaptor''' - See '''Homeplug'''.<br />
* '''Ringwire''' - One conductor in the cable which connects the master socket to extension sockets. The ringwire carries the telephone ringer signal, which is generated in the master socket. For the considerable majority of telephones the ringwire serves no purpose because the telephones generate their own ringer signal electronically, and it can often improve ADSL performance by [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/socket.htm#ringwire disconnecting the ringwire].<br />
* '''Router''' - A device which passes packets of data between networks. A router steers data to the correct destinations as specified in the packet headers. The term 'router' is often used loosely to refer to a '''modem/router'''.<br />
* '''SNR margin''' - See '''Noise margin'''.<br />
* '''Switch''' - A networking device which performs the same function as a '''hub''', but with some extra intelligence. It remembers the IP address of each connected device, and which port it's connected to, so it doesn't have to repeatedly poll the network.<br />
* '''Target noise margin''' - Also known as Target SNR Margin. The initial value of '''noise margin''' which is applied at the time when a '''DSL''' connection is being negotiated. If a connection is subject to interference which makes the connection unstable, the target noise margin can be increased to give more noise margin 'headroom', to make the connection more stable. This will have the effect of reducing the connection speed. See also '''DLM'''.<br />
* '''Test socket''' - In an NTE5A master socket the faceplate can be removed to expose an internal socket into which you can plug a '''modem/router''' and/or telephone. As the extension sockets are wired into the removeable faceplate, this action disconnects all of the extensions, as an aid to diagnosis of problems. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/troubleshooting.htm Trouble shooting].<br />
* '''Upstream''' - Refers to the movement of data away from the user towards a remote location.<br />
<br />
== Abbreviations ==<br />
<br />
* '''ADSL''' - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A protocol for broadband connections over telephone lines, in which greater provision is made for '''downstream''' data transfer than '''upstream'''.<br />
* '''ADSL2, ADSL2+''' - Extended versions of ADSL. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_digital_subscriber_line#ADSL_standards Wikipedia article].<br />
* '''ATM''' - Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A switching protocol which is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks. Data is encoded into small fixed-sized cells, and combined using time division multiplexing.<br />
* '''dB''' - Decibel. A measure of gain or loss in a system. See [[Decibels|Decibels in the context of ADSL]]<br />
* '''CRC''' - Cyclic Redundancy Check. A technique for detecting errors in data transmission. When the receiving equipment detects a CRC error in a packet of data, it requests a retransmission of that packet. For more information see [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/error_correction.htm Error correction article].<br />
* '''DACS''' - Digital Access Carrier System. A system for carrying two telephone signals over a single cable pair, now deprecated. See [[DACS|DACS article]].<br />
* '''DLM''' - Dynamic Line Management. A process which continually monitors the performance of a '''DSL''' connection, and adjusts the '''interleaving''' status and '''target noise margin''' as appropriate in order to try to maintain the best possible stable connection. Originally used by BT Wholesale, a form of DLM is also used by some LLU operators. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/maxdsl2.htm How DSL Max Works].<br />
* '''DMT''' - Discrete Multi Tone. A method of converting digital data into tones or frequencies that can be carried over telephone wire. [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/adsl_technology.htm#dmt DMT in ADSL Technology article]<br />
* '''DSL''' - Digital Subscriber Line. A generic name for a group of technologies which enable the transmission of digital data over a telephone line.<br />
* '''DSLAM''' - Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. A network device, usually housed in a telephone exchange, which connects multiple user '''DSL''' interfaces into the high speed '''ATM''' backbone. See [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/equip.htm How ADSL works].<br />
* '''FEC''' - Forward Error Correction. A technique for reducing errors in data transmission over noisy channels. Commonly used in conjunction with '''interleaving'''. FEC errors are errors which have been autocorrected by the use of FEC, and therefore do not require retransmission of the data. For more information see [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/error_correction.htm Error correction article].<br />
* '''FTTC''' - Fibre To The Cabinet. A hybrid arrangement for telephone lines; fibre-optic cable links the exchange to street cabinets, and copper cable links the cabinets to user premises. Used for BT Infinity and similar offerings from other ISPs.<br />
* '''FTTP''' - Fibre To The Premises. Fibre-optic cable links the exchange directly to user premises.<br />
* '''HEC''' - Header Error Control. A technique for detecting and partially correcting errors in data transmission. For more information see [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/error_correction.htm Error correction article].<br />
* '''ISDN''' - Integrated Services Digital Network. A set of standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data and other services over a telephone line. Used in some countries for internet access, but largely superseded by '''DSL'''.<br />
* '''LAN''' - Local Area Network. A network of computers and associated devices which is entirely within a limited area, such as a house, school or office building.<br />
* '''LLU''' - Local Loop Unbundling. An ISP installs its own equipment in a telephone exchange to process '''ADSL''' traffic. See '''MPF''' and '''SMPF'''.<br />
* '''MAC'''(1) - Migration Access Code. A code number which enables a customer to migrate from one ISP to another in a seamless fashion. The losing ISP gives the code to the customer, who then gives it to the new ISP. After that, the new ISP manages the changeover.<br />
* '''MAC'''(2) - Media Access Control. A MAC address is a globally unique reference number for a network device. The number is most commonly allocated by the device manufacturer and stored in a read-only memory in the device or in its '''firmware'''.<br />
* '''MPF''' - Metallic Path Facility. A form of '''LLU''' in which the ISP takes over responsibility for voice operations as well as ADSL. Also known as "Full unbundling". See also '''SMPF'''.<br />
* '''MSAN''' - Multi-Service Access Node. A network device, usually housed in a telephone exchange, which connects users' telephone lines to the core network. Combines several different types of service, such as telephone, '''ISDN''' and '''DSL''', into a single port.<br />
* '''NAS''' - Network Attached Storage. An external hard disk storage device which connects to a '''LAN''', providing shared storage facilities for computers and other devices on the LAN.<br />
* '''POTS''' - Plain Old Telephone Service. The basic analogue voice telephone service.<br />
* '''SDSL''' - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A protocol for broadband connections over telephone lines, in which equal provision is made for '''downstream''' and '''upstream''' data transfer.<br />
* '''SMPF''' - Shared Metallic Path Facility. A form of '''LLU''' in which the ISP takes over the handling of '''ADSL''' traffic, but BT retains responsibility for voice traffic. See also '''MPF'''.<br />
* '''SNR''' - Signal to Noise Ratio. The signal level divided by the noise (interference) level. Usually expressed in '''dB'''.<br />
* '''VDSL''' - Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line. A protocol for broadband connections over telephone lines, coaxial or fibre-optic cable.<br />
* '''VDSL2''' - Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line 2. An enhanced version of VDSL, currently being employed on BT FTTC lines.<br />
* '''WAN''' - Wide Area Network. A telecommunications network which covers a broad area and links together several localities.<br />
* '''Wi-Fi''' or '''WiFi''' - A means of linking together electronic devices by wireless. Can be used within a '''LAN''' or to connect to a '''WAN''' by means of a hotspot. "Wi-Fi" is a trade mark of the [http://www.wi-fi.org/ Wi-Fi Alliance].<br />
* '''WLAN''' - Wireless Local Area Network. A '''LAN''' in which the devices are attached by wireless connections (normally Wi-Fi).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Decibels&diff=854Decibels2024-05-18T11:05:16Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Decibels in the context of ADSL ==<br />
<br />
=== The decibel ===<br />
<br />
The decibel is a logarithmic unit which specifies the ratio of two powers. It was devised by the Bell Telephone Company to simplify calculations of gain and loss in cascaded transmission systems. The original unit was the Bel, and they defined this as:<br />
<br />
Number of Bels = logarithm (base 10) of the ratio OutputPower / InputPower.<br />
<br />
Because this was rather too coarse a unit for many purposes, they specified the decibel (dB) as one tenth of a Bel.<br />
This may seem a rather cumbersome way of specifying a power gain or loss, but it has some advantages:<br />
<br />
1. Because of the way that logarithms work, the overall gain of several cascaded stages is simply the sum of the decibel gains of each stage. This is a lot easier than multiplying and dividing the power ratios.<br />
<br />
2. The log of a number less than 1 is negative, so all power gains have positive dB values and all losses have negative dB values. If the input and output powers are equal, then the gain is 0 dB.<br />
<br />
'''Some example values'''<br />
<br />
{| border="1"<br />
|Decibel value<br />
|Arithmetic equivalent<br />
|-<br />
| -6 dB<br />
|0.25<br />
|-<br />
| -3 dB<br />
|0.5<br />
|-<br />
|0 dB<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|3 dB<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|6 dB<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|10 dB<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|20 dB<br />
|100<br />
|-<br />
|30 dB<br />
|1000<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Attenuation ===<br />
<br />
Ordinary twisted-pair telephone lines were never designed for the high frequencies used in ADSL transmission. Not surprisingly a lot of the ADSL signal gets lost between the exchange and the user. What may surprise you is just how much gets lost...<br />
<br />
Prior to 6 September 2004, the limiting attenuation figure for a UK ADSL installation was 60 dB (i.e. a gain of -60 dB). This is equal to 6 Bels, and therefore the logarithm of the power ratio is 6. In other words, the signal at the end of the line is just 10<SUP>-6</SUP> (one-millionth) of the signal transmitted from the exchange. And as from 6 September 2004 the limits were relaxed further, with 75 dB being the level of attenuation at which a usable ADSL service is considered extremely unlikely - that's a power ratio of about 32 million. Lower levels of attenuation are obviously preferable.<br />
<br />
=== Signal-to-noise ratio ===<br />
<br />
Just to make life even more complicated for the receiving equipment, spurious signals get induced into the lines carrying the ADSL signal. These spurious signals can come from other telephone lines running alongside, from external electrical sources, from poor quality connections, and from electronic circuits processing the signals. Together, these unwanted signals are referred to as 'noise'. Clearly, to enable the receiving equipment to separate the wanted signal from the noise, the wanted signal must be greater than the noise by a reasonable margin. The ratio between the wanted and unwanted signals is called the signal-to-noise ratio, or SNR. The greater this ratio is, the better.<br />
<br />
The limiting value of SNR is generally taken to be 6 dB (= 0.6 Bel). This corresponds with a power ratio of 4 (log 4 = 0.6). So the wanted signal power must be at least four time the noise power. And because power is proportional to the square of the voltage, this means that the signal voltage must be at least double the noise voltage. Quite obviously, any lower values of SNR will make it very difficult to separate out a clean ADSL signal.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that ADSL modems and routers generally report noise margin (or SNR margin), not SNR. The manufacturer specifies a SNR at which the error count reaches some threshold beyond which the connection would not be acceptably stable; the noise margin is the amount by which the measured SNR exceeds this base level of SNR. So, for example, if the minimum acceptable SNR was set at 6 dB, and the measured SNR was 10 dB, then the modem/router would report a noise margin of 4 dB.<br />
<br />
=== Decibels used as power measurement ===<br />
<br />
As described above, decibels specify a ratio between two numbers (one number divided by the other). An extension to this is the dBm, which is defined as dB referenced to 1 mW (one milliwatt). This is a convenient way to specify a wide range of power levels in fairly small numbers. So the ratio of the actual power of a device to 1 mW is converted to dB, and then the power is specified as that number of dBm. For example:<br />
<br />
{| border="1"<br />
|Power<br />
|dBm equivalent<br />
|-<br />
|1 mW<br />
|0 dBm<br />
|-<br />
|2 mW<br />
|3 dBm<br />
|-<br />
|10 mW<br />
|10 dBm<br />
|-<br />
|100 mW<br />
|20 dBm<br />
|-<br />
|1 W (1000 mW)<br />
|30 dBm<br />
|-<br />
|100 W (100,000 mW)<br />
|50 dBm<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Most modem/routers report the upstream and downstream power levels in dBm, although in some cases this information is only available by using the telnet interface. The upstream (or local) power is the power transmitted by your modem/router, and the downstream (or remote) power is the power transmitted by the DSLAM or MSAN in the exchange.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--[[User:Roseway|Roseway]] 13:59, 27 December 2011 (GMT)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=DSL_Versions_and_ITU_Standards&diff=853DSL Versions and ITU Standards2024-05-18T11:04:31Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
!DSL Version!!ITU-T Specification!!Modulation!!Download<br>Up To!!Upload<br>Up To!!style="text-align:left;"|Notes<br />
|-<br />
|ADSL|| G.992.1|| g.DMT|| 8Mbps|| 1.3Mbps||BT IPStream Max: upload limited to 448kbps<br>BT IPStream Max Premium: upload limited to 832kbps<br />
|-<br />
||ADSL2|| G.992.3|| g.DMT.bis|| 12Mbps|| ||<br />
|-<br />
|ADSL2+|| G.992.5||g.DMT.bis+<br />
|-<br />
|VDSL2|| G.993.2<br />
|-<br />
|G.INP||G.998.4<br />
|-<br />
|G.FAST||G.9700<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Attenuation_in_DSL_connections&diff=852Attenuation in DSL connections2024-05-18T11:03:28Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== What is attenuation? ==<br />
<br />
Attenuation is the reduction in the amplitude of a signal in travelling from one point to another. In a DSL connection it normally refers to the proportion of the signal lost between the exchange and the user's premises. The attenuation is made up of resistive losses in the cable (a function of the length, diameter and material of the cable) and high frequency losses due to capacitive and inductive effects. Other factors such as the quality of the joints in a cable can also have an effect.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How does a modem/router measure attenuation? ==<br />
<br />
A DSL signal is made up of many different frequency tones (or 'bins'), and high frequency losses in a cable increase as the frequency increases. So each tone has its own level of attenuation, made up of the resistive loss of the cable combined with the high frequency loss at that particular frequency. The modem/router averages all the different levels of attenuation for the tones used in the signal, and reports this average value as the attenuation for the connection. The averaging is probably weighted according to how many bits are allocated to each tone, so the calculation is fairly complex, and different modem/routers can use different algorithms for making the calculation.<br />
<br />
Some modem/routers also report the attenuation at a specific frequency (300 kHz), but the average value is the one which is generally used for assessing a DSL connection.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Attenuation of an ADSL2+ connection ==<br />
<br />
It's common experience when upgrading from ADSL(1) to ADSL2+ that the reported attenuation increases by about 3 dB. This doesn't imply that the line has somehow become more lossy, but is simply the result of the way attenuation is measured. ADSL(1) and ADSL2 use frequencies up to 1.1 MHz (tone 255); ADSL2+ uses frequencies up to 2.2 MHz (tone 511). Because attenuation increases with frequency, the use of these higher frequencies for ADSL2+ means that, when the modem/router averages the attenuation over the range of tones used, the calculated result is higher than it would be if only tones up to 255 were used.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technical]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Routerstats&diff=850Routerstats2024-05-18T10:56:45Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>==Routerstats==<br />
<br />
[http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/files.htm Routerstats] is an ADSL router monitoring program for Windows. It displays continuously updated graphs of up/down noise margins and connection speeds, and also provides a means of adding user-defined graphs for displaying any other data which is available from the router interface. In addition, for more advanced users, a telnet interface can be configured to provide much more detailed information than is available from the router's web interface.<br />
<br />
This is an invaluable tool for diagnosing various ADSL connection problems. In particular, the shape of the noise margin graph can be a good indicator of the cause of a problem. A jittery appearance like the example shown on the Routerstats download page suggests a generally rather noisy line; a roughly level shape punctuated by occasional downward spikes suggests an intermittent interference effect such as a misbehaving thermostat; and a succession of sharp downward spikes indicates the presence of Repetitive Electrical Impulse Noise [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/rein.htm (REIN)].<br />
<br />
Routerstats can be downloaded from the [http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/files.htm Routerstats web site], and full information about configuring it is available from the [http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/routerstatshelp/routerstatshelp.htm help pages].<br />
<br />
==Routerstats-Lite==<br />
<br />
Routerstats-Lite is a cut-down alternative to the full Routerstats program. It is lighter on resources and largely plug and play for its long list of supported routers. It provides just two graphs - downstream noise margin and downstream connection speed. For many diagnostic purposes this is all that is needed.<br />
<br />
Routerstats-Lite can be downloaded from the [http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/files.htm#routerstatslite Routerstats web site]. There is no comprehensive online help (which is really not needed) but there is a [http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/lite.htm single page of help].<br />
<br />
==How to run Routerstats in Linux==<br />
<br />
Routerstats and Routerstats-Lite are Windows programs, but they can be run in Linux systems with the help of Wine. Routerstats-Lite should run with no problems, but on some Linux systems the full Routerstats program may have some limitations. I have found on my systems that its telnet functions don't work correctly and tend to lock up.<br />
<br />
If Wine isn't already installed you will first have to install it. All the mainstream distros will have Wine in their software repositories, so use the distro's package manager to install it. After installing it, run the following command as an ordinary user:<br />
<br />
winecfg<br />
<br />
This sets up a basic Wine configuration for this user and opens a configuration dialog. You can look at the various tabs and edit things if you wish (and know what you're doing), otherwise just click OK.<br />
<br />
Now download the version of Routerstats which you want to use. The lite version offers two different types of download, but I suggest that you download the zipped version, which requires no actual installation. Create a directory called 'routerstats' in your home directory, and copy the downloaded file to it. Open a console, cd to the 'routerstats' directory, and type:<br />
<br />
unzip *.zip<br />
<br />
which will extract the files from the archive.<br />
<br />
Now, while still in that directory, type<br />
<br />
wine RouterStats.exe<br />
<br />
or<br />
<br />
wine RouterStatsLite.exe<br />
<br />
depending on which version you have. Routerstats should run, and you can click the help button to get any instructions you need (or read it [http://www.vwlowen.co.uk/internet/routerstatshelp/routerstatshelp.htm here] if you have difficulty getting the help button to work.<br />
<br />
'''Adding a menu entry'''<br />
<br />
How you actually do this depends on which desktop system you are using. KDE provides its own menu editor, but for Gnome you have to obtain a third party utility called 'alacarte'. Whichever system you are using, the command to run Routerstats will be:<br />
<br />
wine /home/username/routerstats/RouterStats.exe [or RouterStatsLite.exe]<br />
<br />
(replacing 'username' with the actual user login name). You should now be able to run Routerstats from the menu.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--[[User:Roseway|Roseway]] 14:16, 27 December 2011 (GMT)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Router Tools]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=DMT_Tool&diff=849DMT Tool2024-05-18T10:55:49Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>'''This wiki page is not complete and needs more work!'''<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
DMT Tool is a useful router tool which uses Telnet to access your router and allows various configuration changes via a Graphical Interface.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''DMT Tool Versions''' ==<br />
<br />
The version of DMT Tool that you need depends upon which router you have. The most commonly used versions in the uk are DMT v7 and DMT v8<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DMT v7''' works with the following routers:<br />
<br />
* Speedtouch 510v6, 516, 536, 546, 576, 585, 608, 706, 716, 780<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DMT v8''' works with the following routers:<br />
*Broadcom Routers - BCM 6338/6348/6358 adsl/adslctl tool<br />
*Belkin 7633, BT Voyager 210/2091/2100/2110,<br />
*D-link 2640B, DSL-2740B<br />
*Hitachi AH4222,<br />
*Linksys WAG54GS, WRT54G 4.0<br />
*Netgear DG834GT/DG834NB/DG834PNB, Netgear DG834G v4 only (need to also enter debug mode for the Netgears)<br />
*Siemens SL2-141-I/SLI-5300-I/CL-110-I, <br />
*Speedtouch 716g, <br />
*Speedport 500V/W500V, T-Sinus 1054 DSL,<br />
*US Robotics 9107/9108/Ndx 9113,<br />
<br />
== '''Download DMT Tool''' ==<br />
<br />
DMT Tool versions can be downloaded from http://dmt.mhilfe.de/<br />
<br />
The site is German but when you install DMT you have the option to select English.<br />
<br />
A translation of the page can be viewed [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://dmt.mhilfe.de/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=4&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddsl%2Bmodem%2Btool%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rlz%3D1B2GGGL_enGB177 here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''DMT Tool Tutorials''' ==<br />
<br />
The main site currently holds tutorials for using DMT Tool<br />
<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/DMTv7.htm DMT Tool v7 Tutorial]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/DMTv8.htm DMT Tool v8 Tutorial]<br />
*[http://www.kitz.co.uk/routers/DMT_logLineStats.htm Use DMT Tool to log your linestats]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Router Tools]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Router_Related_Software&diff=848Router Related Software2024-05-18T10:54:08Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>Listed below are some free programs for monitoring and configuring routers:<br />
<br />
* [[Routerstats|Routerstats and Routerstats-Lite]] - programs to monitor router noise margins, connection speeds, etc.<br />
* [[DMT_Tool| DMT Tool]] - Router Interface which reveals information from your router and allows some configuration changes via a GUI.<br />
* [http://rsux.plainroad.me.uk DSLstats] programs for Linux and Windows to monitor DSL connections using Broadcom-based routers.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Router Tools]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Telephony&diff=846Category:Telephony2024-05-18T10:38:31Z<p>Kitz: Created page with "Links to pages with information about Telephone Equipment."</p>
<hr />
<div>Links to pages with information about Telephone Equipment.</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:Huawei_HG612&diff=845Category:Huawei HG6122024-05-18T10:30:10Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>Directory pages for the Huawei HG612<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modem Routers]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Category:KitzWiki&diff=844Category:KitzWiki2024-05-18T09:44:31Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>This page forms a directory tree for pages specifically relating to the Kitz Wiki.<br />
For navigation purposes they are organised into the category ''Kitz Wiki''<br />
<br />
The Front Page for the Kitz Wiki can be found at the [[Main_Page]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Telephony&diff=843Telephony2024-05-18T08:50:28Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Links to pages with information on Telephone Equipment.<br />
<br />
[[DACS]]<br />
<br />
[[Internal Wiring]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Telephony]]</div>Kitzhttps://wiki.kitz.co.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=841Main Page2024-05-18T08:45:01Z<p>Kitz: Category</p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Kitz_logo.png|right]]<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the Kitz Wiki which is intended as an extension to the main site at [http://www.kitz.co.uk www.kitz.co.uk].<br />
<br />
The aim of the Kitz Wiki is to provide a searchable repository of useful broadband related articles and technical facts that can be added to or amended by our Wiki content team members.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Kitz wiki:About|About the Kitz Wiki]].<br />
<br />
==Kitz Wiki Content==<br />
<br />
At present only designated content team members can add new pages or edit information.<br />
<br />
If you wish to comment on any of the contents in this wiki or have an article for submission, you can either contact the site owner or discuss this in our community [http://forum.kitz.co.uk Kitz Forums] (preferred method).<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages in the Kitz Wiki==<br />
<br />
*[[Router|Modem/Router Guides and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Technical|Technical Facts and Tutorials]]<br />
*[[Telephony| Telephony]]<br />
*[[Software|Free Software and Useful Applications]]<br />
*[[Malware Prevention|Advice on Preventing Malware Infections]]<br />
*[[Pfsense|pfSense patches and information]]<br />
*[[Sandbox|Sandbox Page for Experimenting with Wiki Editing]]<br />
<br />
==List of Useful Pages on the Main kitz.co.uk Site ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/frogstats.php How to Get Your Line Stats from Your Modem/Router]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media Wiki ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
[[Category:KitzWiki]]</div>Kitz